Canada tables Bill C-21 to bring Red River Métis self-government treaty into law

The Canadian government has introduced legislation that would give legal effect to a self-government treaty with the Manitoba Métis Federation, in a move described as a significant step for Métis self-determination and Canada’s reconciliation agenda.

Crown–Indigenous Relations Minister Rebecca Alty introduced Bill C-21 in Ottawa on 12 February. If passed, the bill would implement the Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty — described as the first self-government treaty reached with a Métis government in Canada.

Under the treaty, the Manitoba Métis Federation would be formally recognised as the Government of the Red River Métis, including recognition of what the federal government describes as an inherent right to self-government. The agreement sets out the Federation’s authority to make laws on internal matters such as governance structures, leadership selection, citizenship and how the government operates.

Federal officials say the treaty was developed “in full partnership” with the Manitoba Métis Federation and is intended to create a stable, modern framework for government-to-government relations moving forward. The government also notes the treaty’s scope is focused on governance, and does not include harvesting rights, land or land-related rights.

Manitoba Métis Federation President David Chartrand framed the bill as part of a long historical arc for the Red River Métis.

“This Treaty has been 156 years in the making” Mr Chartrand said, adding that the legislation “shows that the fighting spirit of the Red River Métis … can never be dismissed when we stand for what we believe in.”

Minister Alty described the treaty as foundational for a continuing partnership.

“This co-developed Self-Government Treaty is a strong foundation for moving forward in true partnership with the Manitoba Métis Federation” Ms Alty said. “We will continue to work together to find shared solutions that promote reconciliation and greater prosperity.”

If Bill C-21 becomes law, the treaty would replace an earlier 2021 recognition agreement and be protected under Canada’s Constitution, according to the federal release. The treaty also outlines a process for negotiating future self-government arrangements, including consultation with other Indigenous groups where their interests may be affected.